Disease, Illness and Condition Library
Mononucleosis - Mono
by touching someone of the opposite sex. If we kissed them it was almost an absolute that we would catch the dreaded mono. As we grew older most of us did not catch mono, despite our ill advised attempts at kissing. But what is mono and were our early childhood fears grounded in fact? Mononucleosis is caused by the Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and is an acute infection of the throat and lymph nodes. Like many conditions caused by Epstein-Barr the symptoms mimic those of the flu. In children the symptoms can be so mild as to pass unnoticed. But for adults is an entirely different story. In adults mononucleosis symptoms can be quite severe. Because the virus is transmitted through infected saliva, mononucleosis is sometimes called the “kissing disease”. As a result, some people find it somewhat humorous when they contact mono, until they discover that their activities must be severely restricted to ensure a full recovery. Actually, the virus may spread through coughing or sneezing as well as kissing. Mononucleosis gets its name from a characteristic increase in the number of mononuclear white blood cells. The symptoms of mononucleosis often resemble those of other infectious illnesses, but tend to be more persistent. They include a vague feeling of achiness and discomfort, a pronounced feeling of fatigue or weakness, headache, a tendency to feel chilled, moderate high fever, sore throat, lymph nodes that become enlarged and remain that way for a week or more, and a bumpy red rash. A doctor’s evaluation may reveal an enlarged spleen and abnormal liver function. Those suffering with mono normally feel weak and very tired. The infection generally lasts form two to four weeks, although the older the person is when it strikes, the more severe the symptoms and the longer recovery time. It is not uncommon to feel more tired than usual for several months afterward. Potential complications of the disease include obstruction of the upper airway, difficulty swallowing, depression of the immune system, and liver disease. In exceptionally severe cases the spleen may become very large and then rupture (usually after a fall or similar trauma), making emergency surgery necessary. Diagnosing mononucleosis is done by a blood test that detects an elevated concentration of antibodies to the Epstein-Barr virus, an elevated lymphocyte (white blood cell count), or other characteristic abnormalities. If these tests confirm the presence of mononucleosis, liver function will probably be measured as well, and your doctor will do a physical examination to check for an enlarged spleen or liver, and to look for pus and inflammation in the back of the throat. Helpful General Suggestions * It is important to realize that recovering from mono is a slow process. While tempting fight the urge to become too active too soon. * For a full recovery, unlimited rest is absolutely necessary. In the initial stages you will probably welcome rest but when your condition starts to improve you may become bored with rest. If this occurs try to occupy your time with effort free distractions such as movies, magazines, and books. * Avoid strenuous exercise until your doctor gives you the green light. As discussed above the spleen can become enlarged with mononucleosis, and an enlarged spleen can rupture easily, necessitating surgery. * Smart Medicine for Healthier Living recommends a bath prepared with 2 pounds each of Epsom salts and baking soda for relaxation. Remain in the bath for ten to twenty minutes. * Once you get the doctors ok for exercise, start slow. A modest 20 minute walk every day will help to increase circulation and build strength.
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