how these small wingless blood sucking insects can torment pets and people. In addition to being a nuisance, they can also transmit diseases to our dogs and cause anemia or allergies. There are an mind boggling 2200 species of fleas worldwide but before you go into panic mode you should know that only a few species infest household pets with the two most common being the cat and dog flea. Transmission and Life Cycle You can expect your dogs fleas to start multiplying 24 to 48 hours after they have dined on your pet’s blood. Female fleas lay eggs as they feed and move about on the surface of the skin. A single female flea can produce up to 50 eggs every day and about 2,000 over the course of her life. The eggs are pearly white, oval, and tiny. They readily fall from the fur and drop onto bedding, carpet, or soil, where they hatch in 1 to 6 days. Newly hatched flea larvae are mobile and free-living, feeding on organic debris found in their environment and on adult flea droppings. Flea larvae actively move deep into carpet fibers or under organic debris in an attempt to avoid direct sunlight. Larvae can easily dry out, and exposure to relative humidity under 50% will kill them! However, they are capable of moving as far as 3 feet to find locations suitable for their survival. For those of us who have had an indoor flea infestation we know these resourceful blood feeding insect have little trouble finding a dark protected environment indoors with cracks in hardwood floors, carpet fibers, dog beds, and unfinished concrete floors in damp basements being some of their favorites. Flea development occurs outdoors only when the ground is shaded and moist. The larval stage usually lasts 5 to 11 days but may be prolonged for 2 to 3 weeks, depending on the availability of food and the environmental conditions. After completing its development, the mature larvae produces a silk like cocoon in which it pupates. It takes from 7 to 14 days for the pupa to fully develop, but the adult flea may remain in the cocoon for several weeks until a suitable host arrives on which to feed. It is the newly emerged, unfed fleas that infest pets and bite people. Once a flea has found a host they do not leave willingly and must be forced off by grooming, insecticides, natural flea shampoos, or other means. Sound like pretty scary stuff that is unless you are an Eskimo living on the North Pole. The reason is cat fleas in any stage of the life cycle cannot survive cold temperatures and will die if he environmental temperature drops below 37 degrees for several days. As far as the life cycle of a flea goes much will depend on the temperature and humidity. A fleas life cycle can be completed in as little as 14 days or stretch out to a frightening 350 days. That said, under most conditions, fleas complete their life cycle in less than 2 months. Fleas mate after feeding, and females lay eggs within 1 to 2 days of their ingesting their first blood meal. A flea infested dog can easily transport these insects into the home where they deposit eggs that then turn into hungry new fleas which can be very, very, difficult to eradicate making early recognition and eradication essential to winning the battle against fleas.
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