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refreshes. Sleep is characterized by a mostly unmoving body posture and diminished sensitivity to external stimuli. Sleep is triggered by complex hormonal activity that responds to cues from the body and the environment. The sleep wake cycle is controlled by the body’s internal clock. Approximately 80 percent of the time spent sleeping is dreamless and is known as nonrapid eye movement (NREM) sleep. During this time, breathing and heart rate are slow and regular, blood pressure is low, and the sleeper is relatively still. Rapid eye movement (REM) sleep is linked with dreaming, which occurs during three to five periods of REM sleep each night at intervals of 1 to 2 hours. REM is characterized by irregular breathing and heart rate, as well as by involuntary muscle jerks. Periods of REM sleep are inconsistent in length. Not everyone requires the same amount of sleep. Generally most adults require approximately 8 hours of sleep per night to feel their best. That said, some may need a little more and others a little less. Men tend to require about 1 hour less sleep than women. Children, particularly teenagers, require 9 to 10 hours of sleep per night. A host of disorders including insomnia, narcolepsy, restless leg syndrome, parasomnias, and sleep apnea syndrome can be responsible for sleep disorders. As anyone who is, or has, experienced any type of sleep challenges knows lack of quality sleep can affect a person’s energy level, and his or her overall health. Difficulty getting to sleep or remaining asleep are symptoms of this common problem, which can be short and self limiting or persist for years. Narcolepsy is characterized by overwhelming daytime drowsiness and sudden, overwhelming collapses into sleep. Restless leg syndrome is a rare condition characterized by unpleasant, restless sensations in the legs and an irresistible impulse to move them. Breathing that stops for varying amounts of time during sleep is a sign of sleep apnea syndrome. This is potentially serious medical condition that can become life threatening. Sleep disorders may be diagnosed and treated either by general practitioners or by doctors who specialize in this type of problem. Parasomnias are abnormal behaviors that occur during sleep, such as sleep walking, talking in ones sleep, and teeth grinding. Insomnia Insomnia is perhaps the most common of all sleep problems and is a general term depicting difficulty getting to sleep or remaining asleep. It can be short and self limiting or may persist for years. Its causes range from stress and depression to physical pain (such as arthritis) and sleep disorders (briefly discussed above). Symptoms include difficulty falling asleep, waking frequently during the night, waking abnormally early in the morning and being unable to return to sleep, feeling tired during the day, and feeling restless and/or anxious as bedtime approaches. It is important to diagnose and treat the underlying cause of insomnia. In some cases, an over the counter or prescription sleeping aide or natural sleep remedy can prove helpful in overcoming bouts of insomnia.
be sure and check with your doctor for an unbiased evaluation of the risks associated with many of these products. Examples would addiction, drowsiness, irritability, as well as drug interactions. Developing good sleep habits are one of the best tools for coping with insomnia. This means getting up at a regular time every morning, even on weekends; trying not to nap during the day; avoiding caffeine, alcoholic beverages, nicotine, and strenuous exercise for 4 to 6 hours before bedtime; consuming a light snack (but avoiding heavy meals) just before bedtime; and minimizing light, and extreme temperatures in the bedroom. If a person is unable to sleep, it is best to leave the bedroom an engage in a quiet activity elsewhere (reading, writing, surfing) until you start to feel drowsy. If you are unable to overcome insomnia on your own you should consider discussing your sleep problems with your doctor or some other professional with advanced knowledge in this area. Sleep problems in older people The daily cycles that control a person’s biological process are called circadian rhythms. The bad news is they change with age. As a result, sleeping problems such as insomnia increase in older people. It is myth that the need for sleep decreases with age. Various distractions such as increased urination frequency, often prevent older adults from getting a good night’s sleep; however, older people continue to need as much sleep as they did when they were younger. An older person might have trouble falling asleep, waken frequently during the night, wake up too early in the morning, or feel sleepy during the day and, consequently, be inclined to take that short power-nap. Severe snoring is a symptom of some sleep disorders and often awakens partners. Of course this is not limited to those over 50. The list of causes of sleep problems in older adults is long and diverse. A few common ones are underlying illness/illnesses, depression, medications, alcohol, caffeine, and poor sleep habits such as taking too many of those daytime powernaps. Sleep apnea is not uncommon in older people and can be described as a temporary pauses in breathing during sleep. Sleep apnea leads to nonrestorative sleep and sleepiness during the waking hours. Periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) is a sleep disorder, common in older people, in which uncontrollable leg kicks occur 20 to 30 seconds apart, on and off throughout the night. The resulting partial awakening disrupts sleep. A Nine step checklist to getting enough quality sleep
*Limit the number of daytime naps and when a powernap is required try to limit it to 30 minutes or less. *Stay away from caffeinated beverages, alcohol, nicotine, and strenuous exercise 4 to 6 hours before bedtime. *A small bedtime snack just might do the trick but stay away from heavy meals just prior to retiring.
*Try to sleep when drowsy. In other words when you become sleepy go ahead and call it a night. *If unable to sleep don’t hesitate to leave the bedroom and do a little therapeutic reading, writing, net surfing or other quite activity and only return to bed when you become drowsy. *Don’t hesitate to seek professional help if sleeplessness persists.
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