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the press in 2011. Nevertheless, it is still a serious threat and if you suspect you may have become infected with the H1N1 virus you should contact your doctor immediately.
H1N1 influenza, also known as swine flu, is a respiratory infection caused by a new virus called novel H1N1. Since April 2009, when this virus was initially recognized, the virus has spread from Mexico, throughout the United States and the entire world. On June 11, 2009 the World Health Organization declared the novel H1N1 virus as this century’s first Pandemic. Although this virus is efficiently spread from human-to-human, the severity of disease has predominantly been mild and similar to that of seasonal influenza viruses. What are the symptoms of H1N1 influenza?
including fever accompanied by cough, sore throat, body aches, headache, chills and/or fatigue. A few people have reported diarrhea and vomiting associated with the 2009 strain of H1N1 flu. How does H1N1 influenza spread? Flu viruses (including this one) are spread through contact with the infectious respiratory droplets of ill people who sneeze or cough. People may also become infected by touching something with flu viruses on it and then touching their eyes, mouth or nose. How can I protect myself? Take the same precautions that you would to avoid regular seasonal flu and other respiratory infections: *Encourage everyone to cover their mouth and nose when they cough or sneeze. *Wash your hands often with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand cleaner. *Avoid close contact with sick people. *If you get sick, stay home and limit contact with others to avoid infecting them. *Who is at risk of complications from H1N1 flu? Some people have an increased risk of complications from common seasonal flu, and also may be at higher risk of complications from H1N1 flu. These include: *Children less than 2 years old *People with lung, heart, kidney, liver or blood disorders, and those with compromised immune systems *Pregnant women *Anyone in these categories who develops flu-like symptoms (see above) should contact their healthcare provider if they develop flu-like illness. What should I do if I have the flu or fever and a cough? Stay home from work or school for at least 7 days, or for 48 hours after symptoms have resolved, whichever is longer. You do not need to go to the hospital if you have only mild flu-like symptoms, such as fever and cough, even if you think you could have H1N1 flu. Healthy people (no underlying chronic medical conditions) with the flu usually recover without any medical treatment. Situations when you should seek urgent medical attention include: difficulty with breathing or feeling short of breath, pain or discomfort in the chest or abdomen, severe vomiting, sudden dizziness or confusion, and flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fevers and cough. Rest, drink plenty of liquids, and take the medications that you would normally use for fever and other symptoms such as ibuprofen (Motrin™) or acetaminophen (Tylenol™). People under the age of 18 should avoid aspirin and aspirin-containing products because of the possibility of Reye's syndrome – a potentially deadly side effect of aspirin use in the young. To help prevent spreading the disease, you should avoid contact with others, wash your hands frequently, and cover your mouth and nose when you cough or sneeze. What should I do if my symptoms worsen? If you develop more severe symptoms, you should contact your healthcare provider or go to the nearest hospital emergency department and seek treatment immediately. Make sure you let them know you have flu-like symptoms that have gotten worse. Signs that a child needs urgent medical care: *Fast breathing or trouble breathing *Bluish skin color *Not drinking enough fluids *Not waking up or not interacting normally *Being so irritable that the child does not want to be held *Flu symptoms improve but then return with fever and worse cough *Fever with a rash Signs that an adult needs urgent medical care: *Difficulty breathing or shortness of breath *Pain or pressure in the chest or abdomen *A very high fever *Confusion or sudden dizziness *Severe or persistent vomiting *Flu-like symptoms improve but then return with fever and cough Should I be tested for swine flu? Testing is not usually necessary and has been used in the past to help health authorities track the spread of the disease, and in cases where people have severe symptoms. Testing is not required to begin treatment. What medication is used to treat H1N1 flu? The antiviral medicines Tamiflu™ and Relenza™ can help alleviate H1N1 flu symptoms in those with severe illness or risk factors for complications from flu when taken within the first 2-3 days of when symptoms begin. Most flu lasts only a few days, and most people recover completely without medication, so use these medicines only if your healthcare provider recommends them. What should I do if someone I live with is sick with flu-like symptoms? Follow the same precautions you would to avoid ordinary seasonal flu. Avoid close contact and wash your hands frequently. If the symptoms are severe, the person should see a medical provider. If the affected person has had close contact with a probable or confirmed case of H1N1 flu, the medical provider may suggest testing for H1N1 flu. What should I do if testing confirms that someone I live with has the H1N1 flu virus? Follow the same precautions you would to avoid ordinary seasonal flu: *Limit your contact with the affected person. Avoid close contact such as kissing, and do not share towels, glasses or toothbrushes with the affected person. *Avoid having visitors. If visitors must enter the home, they should avoid contact with the affected person. *Wash your hands frequently with soap and water or use an alcohol-based hand rub. *Consider using a face mask on the infected person. These can be purchased at a pharmacy or hardware store. If you use a reusable fabric face mask, it should be laundered with normal laundry detergent and tumble-dried in a hot dryer. *Wash dirty dishes and eating utensils either in a dishwasher or by hand with warm water and soap. You do not need to separate the patient's eating utensils. *It is fine to do your laundry in a standard washing machine with warm or cold water a nd detergent. It is not necessary to separate the patient's laundry. Can household cleaning help prevent transmission? Yes. Remember that flu is spread mainly by the infectious cough or sneeze. But you can also get the flu by touching a contaminated surface and then your eyes, nose or mouth. To help prevent transmission, all hard surfaces (doorknobs, refrigerator door handles, telephones, and bathroom surfaces), should be cleaned and disinfected. Products such as bleach or disinfectant wipes may be helpful. Make sure to follow the instructions on the product label. Is it safe to travel? The CDC currently recommends the travelers with high risk for complications from the flu should discuss their travel plans with their doctor. To help control this disease, you should not travel if you are ill. |
