
you crazy. You put your finger on your eyelid to stop the sensation. As soon as you remove your finger, the incipient movement starts again. You feel like a moron, but one with plenty of company. Tics are a common occurrence; up to 25% of all people will develop a simple tic usually during childhood. Transient tics, or tics that last from weeks to months are considered normal neurological events. Brain mapping technologies like PET scans and SPECT have allowed insight into the neurological activity associated with tic disorders. Functional and structural anomalies have been noted in people with tics. Specifically, the basal ganglia and the anterior cingulate cortex areas are most affected. Tics usually fall into two categories. The first category classifies them as either uncontrollable motor or vocal tics. Motor tics involve a specific group of muscles like eye blinking or squinting. Your eye twitch is probably not considered a tic, but a fasciculation, because it does not involve an entire muscle but a bundle of muscle fibers. More severe motor tics involve grimacing, mouth movements, shrugging, jerking, or even nose wrinkling. Vocal tics do not necessarily involve the vocal cords, for that reason they are also called phonic tics. Phonic tics include uncontrollable repetitive behaviors like sniffing, throat clearing, coughing, or grunting. The next category that tic disorders fall into is simple vs. complex. A simple tic is one that is sudden and brief like eye blinking. A complex tic involves behaviors that appear more purposeful and last longer. A complex motor tic might involve tugging at one’s clothing, touching or rubbing, or uncontrollably mimicking the actions of others. Examples of complex phonic tics are echolalia—the repetition of someone else’s words; or corprolalia—the repetition of curse words or other socially objectionable language. Complex tics are more commonly associated with a tic disorder known as Tourette syndrome.
chronic—reoccurring for periods lasting more than a year, and a few are chronic and complex like those in Tourette syndrome. Symptoms of Tourette syndrome are always seen in childhood. Tics that manifest initially in adulthood are rarely associated with Tourette’s. Tourette symptoms can be seen as early as five years of age, more commonly affects males, and are genetically linked to obsessive compulsive disorders. Up to 4% of all school age children suffer from Tourette syndrome or Tourette Disorder (TD). Up to 80% of children with TD will also exhibit symptoms of attention deficit disorder (ADHD). Fasciculations and tics increase with stress, fatigue and anxiety. Parents should avoid being overly critical or over scheduling children who suffer from tic disorders. Tics are also known to dissipate during periods when the person is focused on an absorbing activity. However, relaxation can increase or decrease their occurrence. Alcohol and marijuana use have been reported to decrease symptoms, while amphetamines and cocaine have been known to cause or worsen tic symptoms. While fasciculations are considered involuntary or beyond our control, tics are thought to be unvoluntary or semi-voluntary in response to stimuli and a response to an irresistible urge. The tic behavior itself is thought to relieve a feeling of tension—much like yawning. Treatments for tic disorders include hypnosis, counseling, psychotherapy, hypnotherapy, Neuro-Linguistic Programming, behavioral therapy and medication. Tics are closely associated with obsessive-compulsive disorders (OCD), ADD, ADHD, and Tourette’s. Therefore, physicians, parents, and patients may have to decide which symptoms dominate and treat the patient based on a single diagnostic category. Pharmaceutical drugs used for tic disorders include anti-psychotic medications, alpha-adrenergic receptor agonist, phenothiazines, dopamine receptor blockers, tetrabenazine, selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and benzodiazepines. There are also homeopathic remedies that mimic the active ingredients in some pharmaceutical drugs. For example, St. John’s Wort has been proven to improve depression like prescription SSRIs, and can be found in several homeopathic tic remedies. Some people have reported that yoga can relieve symptoms of tic disorders. Several researches claim that food related sensitivities and allergies might contribute to certain tics. Dietary changes may be recommended, especially for children. Fasciculations, in particular, have been correlated with magnesium deficiencies. Magnesium depletion can be due to diarrhea or overexertion. It is also hypothesized that as much as 80% of the population does not get enough magnesium in their diet. Herbs like Chamomile and nuts like almonds are a good source of magnesium.
There are many ways you as a parent can help your child deal with tics. Here are a few examples: * Understand how the tics affect your child and make changes at home and school to best accommodate them. * Keep a record of your child’s tics, (when they get worse, and the events that surround them). This may help identify triggers. Be careful not to cause your child more stress - approach this in a way that makes your child feel secure. * Realize tics are not done on purpose. Although tics may frustrate you, do not punish your child for having tics, and try not to show any frustration you may feel. Doing so may increase your child's anxiety and cause more tics. * Alternate household tasks with free time to allow relaxation and prevent stress. * Encourage your child to increase responsibilities at his or her own pace.
researcher S. Ellsworth
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